Versions of this piece were published in RealClear Politics and The Inquirer.
Pennsylvania stands out among neighboring states as an energy powerhouse that has made smart use of its vast supplies of natural resources.
But that could change if Gov. Tom Wolf circumvents the commonwealth’s General Assembly to join the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a multistate compact widely known as RGGI.
Pennsylvania is now the largest net exporter of electricity in the United States; it delivered an average of 58 million megawatt-hours annually between 2013 and 2017. Pennsylvanians enjoy electricity prices below the national average, largely thanks to the fracking boom started in the mid-2000s, which reinvigorated the state’s natural gas industry and helped much of Western Pennsylvania stave off the worst effects of the Great Recession.
The Keystone State is also the nation’s second-largest producer of natural gas, third-largest producer of coal, 16th-largest producer of crude oil, and third-largest producer of electricity in general, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Instead of having Pennsylvania join RGGI, other states now part of RGGI should follow Pennsylvania’s lead and implement pro-energy policies that would benefit average citizens who are still reeling from the economic effects of COVID-19.
Pennsylvanians enjoy low electricity rates, particularly compared with their RGGI neighbors, whose rates averaged 15.08 cents per kilowatt-hour in 2018 — 5 cents above Pennsylvania’s. Imposing RGGI on Pennsylvania would certainly raise electricity prices, but for what gain?
The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection estimates that under RGGI, the state’s annual greenhouse gas emissions could fall by 25% between 2022 and 2030. Yet the DEP also reports that the state’s emissions fell by nearly 19% from 2005 to 2016, without any such framework. That’s largely due to Pennsylvania’s dramatic shift from coal to natural gasproduction and its modest increase in nuclear power production. (Natural gas emits roughly half as much carbon dioxide when burned as coal, and nuclear produces none.) In other words, the free market is working without government intervention.
Eleven New England and Mid-Atlantic states are now signatories to RGGI, which makes use of a cap-and-trade system that caps the annual amount of greenhouse gases — mostly carbon dioxide and methane — that companies are permitted to emit. Producers can then trade a limited number of emission permits in an auction, in order to emit more without being fined. But the cap and total number of permits shrink each year, making it more expensive.
What would this mean for Pennsylvania?
Wolf’s own DEP reports that the annual cost — passed through to taxpayers — could reach $320 million as early as 2022, using proceeds from the annual RGGI emission auction. The Industrial Energy Consumers of Pennsylvania, a major manufacturers' trade group, estimates the minimum financial impact of RGGI at $275 million per year as an added cost to energy producers, not counting the expense of purchasing cap-and-trade emission permits, much of which will be passed along to households and other consumers.
Unlike some global-warming policies, RGGI has a wealth of data to examine. A 2018 study by the libertarian Cato Institute found that the program “resulted in a 12% drop in [overall] goods production,” compared with a 20% gain in non-RGGI comparison states. Critically, RGGI states saw power imports increase from 8% to 17% and “shifted jobs to other states."
One industry analysis of how RGGI invested its revenues in 2018 found that the program resulted in a nearly $900 cost per metric ton of carbon dioxide reduced, vastly higher than the “social cost of carbon” — the measure of the economic impact of emissions used to justify carbon pricing schemes — that the far-left Environmental Defense Fund estimates at roughly $50 per metric ton. But Cato’s study found “no added emissions reductions or associated health benefits from the RGGI program.”
So why join RGGI if there are no economic or environmental benefits? The answer is that Wolf’s anti-energy schemes fit into a broader movement. Pennsylvania’s great success has made it a target of left-wing activists who subscribe to a rigid ideology that demonizes carbon dioxide. These environmentalists are waging a war on cheap, abundant energy from coal, oil, and natural gas.
While RGGI doesn’t specifically target fracking — it levies taxes on coal and natural gas power plants — supportive environmental groups have angled for a statewide fracking ban for years. America owes its energy independence to fracking. While the United States was the world’s third-largest oil producer in 2009, in 2019, it led the globe in oil and natural gas output, more than doubling oil production and increasing gas production by two-thirds in a decade. In 2019, America became a net energy exporter for the first time in 67 years.
Now is not the time to go backward.
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